Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancers worldwide, which ranks as the second of cancer‑related death. Each year, more than half of the new and death cases occur in China. Vascular invasion is one of the important biological characteristics of HCC. HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus is closely related to the prognosis of patients, but there is no consensus on the best treatment method.Based on domestic and foreign literatures, the authors discuss the current status and progress of treatment for HCC with portal vein tumor thrombus, in order to explore the optimal treatment.