Abstract: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCa) is the most common malignant tumor of the biliary tract. The key to the surgical treatment of HCCa is R₀ resection which requires not only the removal of the affected bile duct but also the associated regional lymph nodes and liver tissue. Due to the rapidly development of precision surgery and multidisciplinary therapy in recent years, visible, quantifiable, controllable operation and comprehensive therapy have become the new principles that should be followed in HCCa treatment. According to the Dong's hilar cholangiocarcinoma classification, it is possible to obtain R₀ resection and preserve liver parenchyma maximally at the same time when performing mesohepatectomy combined with caudate lobectomy, including S1+S4+S5+S8, S1+S5+S8 or S1+S4 segmental hepatectomy. Meanwhile, it helps to reduce postoperative complications and can prevent biliary drainage or staging surgery in some patients. However, long-term follow-up is still needed for the survival analysis in addition to the satisfied perioperative outcomes. Based on their clinical experiences, the authors discuss the application of meso-hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.