Abstract: Human microbial microbiota refer to bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa which colonized on human skin and mucous membrane. Under normal circumstances, the microbial microbiota maintain local homeostasis with the host and participate in human life activities. However, when the pathogenic bacteria or opportunistic pathogens abnormally accumulate, the balance of microbial microbiota and host will be destroyed, and thus cause the emergence of diseases. Currently, the relationship between dysbacteriosis and diseases, especially malignant tumors, has become a hotspot in clinical research. The authors review the research advance in the relationship between hepatobiliary tumors and the disorder of microflora based on the research progress at home and abroad.