Abstract: Pancreatic cystic diseases account for 10% of pancreatic diseases. Due to hidden onset, complicated pathological classification, difficult differential diagnosis, and potential risk of malignant transformation, pancreatic cystic diseases bring certain difficulties to the implementation of routine clinical diagnosis and treatment. The authors review the pathological characteristics, existing diagnostic methods, and indications for surgery of pancreatic cystic diseases based on related literatures at home and abroad, in order to provide theoretical support for clinical diagnosis and treatment.