腹股沟疝术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症的影响因素分析

Analysis of influencing factors for postoperative venous thromboembolism of inguinal hernia

    摘要
  • 摘要: 目的:探讨腹股沟疝术后发生静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的影响因素。
    方法:采用回顾性病例对照研究方法。收集2017年1—12月遵义医科大学附属医院收治的350例行手术治疗腹股沟疝患者的临床资料；男287例，女63例；中位年龄为57岁，年龄范围为15～89岁。观察指标：(1)手术和术后情况。(2)随访情况。(3)腹股沟疝术后发生VTE的影响因素分析。采用门诊和电话方式进行随访，了解患者出院后腹股沟疝复发情况和并发症发生情况。随访时间截至2018年12月。正态分布的计量资料以 ±s表示，组间比较采用t检验。偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示，组间比较采用非参数秩和检验。计数资料以绝对数或百分比表示，组间比较采用x2检验或Fisher确切概率法。多因素分析采用二元Logistic回归模型。
    结果:(1)手术和术后情况：350例患者中，行腹股沟疝开放手术173例，行腹腔镜腹股沟疝手术177例。173例行腹股沟疝开放手术患者中，行平片修补术66例，行Lichtenstein修补术54例，行网塞平片修补术30例，行Bassini修补术23例。177例行腹腔镜腹股沟疝手术患者中，行经腹腹膜前修补术134例，行全腹膜外修补术43例。350例患者中，335例术后未发生VTE，15例术后发生VTE。15例患者术后发生VTE［开放手术13例、腹腔镜手术2例(死亡1例)］，其中深静脉血栓12例、肺血栓栓塞症3例(死亡 1例)。(2)随访情况：350例患者中，349例术后1年获得随访。349例患者中，术后1年内腹股沟疝复发 2例、术区血清肿18例。349例患者未发生术后补片相关感染和术区切口感染。14例术后发生VTE患者1年内腹股沟疝无复发。(3)腹股沟疝术后发生VTE的影响因素分析：单因素分析结果显示患者年龄、体质量指数、高血压病、手术类别、术区压迫时间、术后首次下床活动时间、住院时间、术后Caprini评分是腹股沟疝术后发生VTE的影响因素(x2=13.217，9.183，4.388，8.694，Z=-4.690，-5.265，-4.281，-4.883，P<0.05)。慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期是腹股沟疝术后发生VTE的影响因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示：患者年龄≥65岁、体质量指数≥25.0 kg/m2、慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期、开放手术、术区压迫时间≥42 h、术后首次下床活动时间≥60 h、术后Caprini评分>5分是腹股沟疝术后发生VTE的独立危险因素(优势比=1.085，1.320，0.256，0.013，7.874，1.112，1.027，6.909，95%可信区间为1.031～1.141，1.024～1.702，0.071～0.929，0.016～0.800，1.489～41.630，1.061～1.165，1.008～1.047，3.045～15.678，P<0.05)。
    结论:年龄≥65岁、体质量指数≥25.0 kg/m2、慢性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期、开放手术、术区压迫时间≥42 h、术后首次下床活动时间≥60 h、术后Caprini评分>5分是腹股沟疝术后发生VTE的独立危险因素。

     

    Abstract: Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) of inguinal hernia.
    Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 350 patients undergoing surgical treatment of inguinal hernia who were admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January to December 2017 were collected. There were 287 males and 63 females, aged from 15 to 89 years, with a median age of 57 years. Observation indicators: (1) surgical and postoperative situations; (2) follow-up; (3) analysis of influencing factors for postoperative VTE of inguinal hernia. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect recurrence and complications of inguinal hernia after patients being discharged from hospital. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test.Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M (range), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the nonparametric rank sum test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the binary Logistic regression model.
    Results:(1) Surgical and postoperative situations: of the 350 patients, 173 underwent open inguinal hernia surgery including 66 cases with plain patch repair, 54 cases with Lichtenstein repair, 30 cases with mesh plug plain patch repair, 23 cases with Bassini repair, and 177 underwent laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery including 134 cases with laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal prothetic repair, 43 cases with laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal prothetic repair. There were 335 of the 350 patients negative for postoperative VTE while 15 patients positive for postoperative VTE. Of the 15 patients who were diagnosed with postoperative VTE, 13 cases underwent open surgery while 2 cases underwent laparoscopic surgery including 1 died; 12 cases were diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis and 3 cases were diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism including 1 died. (2) Follow-up: 349 of the 350 patients were followed up for one year after operation. Of the 349 patients, 2 had recurrence of inguinal hernia and 18 had seroma in the operation area within one year. None of the 349 patients had postoperative patch-related infection or incision infection in the operation area. Of the 14 patients who were diagnosed with postoperative VTE, recurrence of inguinal hernia was not observed within one year. (3) Analysis of influencing factors for VTE of inguinal hernia. Results of univariate showed that age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, type of operation, the compression time of operative area, time to first out-of-bed activities, duration of hospital stay, postoperative Caprini score were influencing factors for postoperative VTE of inguinal hernia (x2=13.217, 9.183, 4.388, 8.694, Z=-4.690, -5.265, -4.281, -4.883, P<0.05), and age, cases with chronic bronchitis, the stable stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were influencing factors for postoperative VTE of inguinal hernia (P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that age≥65 years, BMI≥25.0 kg/m2, chronic bronchitis, the stable stage of COPD, open surgery, the compression time of operative area≥42 hours, time to first out-of-bed activities≥60 hours, postoperative Caprini score>5 were independent risk factors for postoperative VTE of inguinal hernia (odds ratio=1.085, 1.320, 0.256, 0.013, 7.874, 1.112, 1.027, 6.909, 95% confidence interval: 1.031-1.141, 1.024-1.702, 0.071-0.929, 0.016-0.800, 1.489-41.630, 1.061-1.165, 1.008-1.047, 3.045-15.678, P<0.05).
    Conclusions:Age≥65 years, BMI≥25.0 kg/m2, cases with chronic bronchitis preoperatively, the stable stage of COPD, open surgery, the compression time of operative area≥42 hours, time to first out-of-bed activities≥60 hours, postoperative Caprini score>5 are independent risk factors for postoperative VTE of inguinal hernia.

     

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