腹腔镜肝门部胆管癌根治术的临床疗效

Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

    摘要
  • 摘要: 目的:探讨腹腔镜肝门部胆管癌根治术的临床疗效。
    方法:采用回顾性描述性研究方法。收集2017年1月至2019年7月河南省人民医院收治的25例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床病理资料；男 16例，女9例；中位年龄为64岁，年龄范围为51～75岁。25例患者均行腹腔镜肝门部胆管癌根治术。观察指标：(1)手术情况。(2)术后情况。(3)随访情况。采用门诊和电话方式进行随访，了解患者肿瘤局部复发情况和远处转移情况。随访时间截至2019年12月。正态分布的计量资料以±s表示，偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数表示。
    结果:(1)手术情况：25例患者中，15例Bismuth Ⅰ型患者行腹腔镜肝门部胆管切除+区域淋巴结清扫+胆肠吻合术。2例BismuthⅡ型患者行腹腔镜肝门部胆管切除+围肝门切除+区域淋巴结清扫+胆肠吻合术。 2例Bismuth Ⅲa型患者行腹腔镜肝门部胆管切除+区域淋巴结清扫+右半肝切除+肝尾状叶切除+胆肠吻合术。3例Bismuth Ⅲb型患者行腹腔镜肝门部胆管切除+ 区域淋巴结清扫+左半肝切除+肝尾状叶切除+胆肠吻合术。3例Bismuth Ⅳ型患者行腹腔镜肝门部胆管切除+区域淋巴结清扫+肝尾状叶切除+胆肠吻合术。25例患者手术时间为(388±118)min，术中出血量为200 mL(50～2 000 mL)，术中输血6例。25例患者中，2例Bismuth Ⅲa型患者手术时间，术中出血量分别为 375 min、465 min，200 mL、1 000 mL，术中输血1例；3例Bismuth Ⅲb型患者手术时间，术中出血量分别为410 min、465 min、501 min，300 mL、400 mL、450 mL，均未予输血；3例Bismuth Ⅳ型患者手术时间，术中出血量分别为415 min、560 min、600 min，300 mL、600 mL、800 mL，术中输血 1例。(2)术后情况：25例患者中，术后发生Ⅰ级并发症4例，其中2例胆瘘(Bismuth Ⅰ型1例，Bismuth Ⅲa型1例)，1例肺部感染(Bismuth Ⅳ型)和1例术后肝功能不全(Bismuth Ⅲa型)，经保守治疗均好转。25例患者术后病理学检查结果：胆管腺癌23例，高级上皮瘤变2例；神经侵犯8例，淋巴结转移3例，无脉管癌栓患者。25例患者住院时间为24 d(10～45 d)，住院费用为9.4万元(5.3～18.7万元)。2例Bismuth Ⅲa型患者住院时间，住院费用分别为36 d、45 d，15.1万元、18.7万元；3例Bismuth Ⅲb型患者住院时间，住院费用分别为15 d、26 d、33 d， 7.3万元、11.5万元、15.9万元；3例Bismuth Ⅳ型患者住院时间，住院费用分别为24 d、39 d、41 d，12.1万元、15.2万元、16.7万元。(3)随访情况：25例患者均获得随访，随访时间为2～36个月，中位随访时间为 16个月。25例患者中，18例无复发转移。2例Bismuth Ⅳ型患者出现腹腔广泛转移，1例Bismuth Ⅲa型患者出现Trocar孔转移。4例患者死亡。
    结论:腹腔镜肝门部胆管癌根治术安全、可行，应严格把握手术适应证，根据Bismuth分型施行适宜手术。

     

    Abstract: Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
    Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 25 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were admitted to Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2017 to July 2019 were collected. There were 16 males and 9 females, aged from 51 to 75 years, with a median age of 64 years. All the 25 patients underwent laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up using out-patient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect local recurrence and distant metastasis of patients up to December 2019. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD. Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range). Count data were described as absolute numbers.
    Results:(1) Surgical situations: of the 25 patients, 15 patients in Bismuth typeⅠunderwent laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma+regional lymph node dissection+Roux-en-Y choledocho-jejunostomy, 2 patients in Bismuth type Ⅱ underwent laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma+perihilar resection+regional lymph node dissection+Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy, 2 patients in Bismuth type Ⅲa underwent laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma+regional lymph node dissection+right hemihepatectomy+hepatic caudate labectomy+Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy, 3 patients in Bismuth type Ⅲb underwent laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma+regional lymph node dissection+left hemihepatectomy+hepatic caudate labectomy+Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy, 3 patients in Bismuth type Ⅳ underwent laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma+regional lymph node dissection+hepatic caudate labectomy+Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy. The operation time was (388±118)minutes, and volume of intraoperative blood loss was 200 mL(range, 50-2 000 mL). Six patients were treated with blood transfusion intraoperatively. The operation time of 2 patients in Bismuth type Ⅲa was 375 minutes and 465 minutes, and the volume of intraoperative blood loss was 200 mL and 1 000 mL, respectively; 1 case received blood transfusion. The operation time of 3 patients in Bismuth type Ⅲb was 410 minutes, 465 minutes, 501 minutes, and the volume of intraoperative blood loss was 300 mL, 400 mL, 450 mL, respectively; neither had intraoperative blood transfusion. The operation time of 3 patients in Bismuth type Ⅳ was 415 minutes, 560 minutes, 600 minutes, and the volume of intraoperative blood loss was 300 mL, 600 mL, 800 mL, respectively; 1 case had intraoperative blood transfusion. (2) Postoperative situations: of the 25 patients, 4 patients had grade Ⅰ complications, including 2 cases of biliary fistula (1 case in Bismuth type Ⅰ and 1 case in Bismuth type Ⅲa), 1 case of pulmonary infection (Bismuth type Ⅳ), and 1 case of postoperative liver insufficiency (Bismuth type Ⅲa), all of them were improved after conservative treatment. Results of postoperative pathological examination: bile duct adenocarcinoma and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia were detected in 23 and 2 patients; there were 8 cases with nerve invasion, 3 cases with lymph node metastasis and no vascular thrombus. The duration of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses were 24 days (range, 10-45 days) and 9.4×104 yuan ［range, (5.3-18.7)×104 yuan］ for all the 25 patients; the above indicators were 36 days, 45 days, 15.1×104 yuan, 18.7×104 yuan for the 2 patients in Bismuth type Ⅲa, 15 days, 26 days, 33 days, 7.3×104 yuan, 11.5×104 yuan, 15.9×104 yuan for 3 patients in Bismuth type Ⅲb, 24 days, 39 days, 41 days, 12.1×104 yuan, 15.2×104 yuan, 16.7×104 yuan for the 3 patients in Bismuth type Ⅳ, respectively. (3) Follow-up: 25 patients were followed up for 2-36 months, with a median follow-up of 16 months. Of the 25 patients, 18 had no recurrence or metastasis, 2 patients in Bismuth type Ⅳ had extensive intraperitoneal metastasis, 1 patients in Bismuth type Ⅲa had trocar hole metastasis, and 4 patients died.
    Conclusions:Laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma is safe and feasible. Surgeries should be selected strictly based on surgical indications and the Bismuth type.

     

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